【問(wèn)題】“王先生和我本人都要到會(huì)的”一句,譯成英文 Mr.Wong and myself will be present,為何不對(duì)?請(qǐng)將 myself 的用法詳為說(shuō)明。
【解答】在古代英語(yǔ)中,曾經(jīng)以 me, him,them 等單純代名詞,當(dāng)作 myself,himself,themselves 來(lái)用,使之具有反身的意味(Reflexive Meaning),如 Shakespeare 說(shuō)的 I have writ me here a letter.(我在此寫(xiě)了一封信。)及 Byron 說(shuō)的 To their salutations he bends him slightly.(對(duì)于他們的敬禮,他略微彎身回答。)反過(guò)來(lái)具有 -self 的字,卻用于沒(méi)有反身的意思(non- reflexively)了,如 I am inviting yourself and your wife.(我要招待你和你的太太。)所以問(wèn)句中翻譯的英文句子,在古代是通的,但現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)卻不許這樣說(shuō)了,必須改為:Mr.Wong and I will be present.才可以。同樣They invited my wife and myself.句中末字也要改為me才合乎現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法。
現(xiàn)在且說(shuō)這種 -self 代名詞的正當(dāng)?shù)挠梅ㄓ质窃鯓拥摹?br /> (1)用作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),句中主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)為同一人或同一物時(shí):
The child has burnt itself.(那孩子燙了自己。)
Jesus called himself the Son of God.(耶穌叫他自己為上帝之子。)
Don't excuse yourself.(不必道歉。)
(2)“及物動(dòng)詞+反身代名詞=不及物動(dòng)詞。時(shí):
I seated myself(=sat down)beside him.(我在他旁邊坐下了。
Don't overeat yourself.(勿過(guò)食。)
I have enjoyed myself very much.(我玩得很愉快。)
(3)成為介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí):
You must take good care of yourself.(你必須善自珍攝。)
The door opened of itself.(門(mén)自開(kāi)了。)
He always lives by himself.(他總是獨(dú)居。)
You must do that for yourself.(你得自己做。)
He looked at himself in the mirror.(他對(duì)鏡自照。)
Our captors left us to ourselves.(俘虜我們的人讓我們自由行動(dòng),不加管束。)
(4)用于主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的同格,以加強(qiáng)其意義,不加時(shí)意思也一樣。
The matter itself is very clear.(事情本身很明白。)
He wrote the letter himself.(他親筆寫(xiě)的信。)
Napoleon himself could not do it.(拿破化本人也不能做到。)
Even the very gods themselves weep over the slavery of wisdom to folly. -Carlyle(見(jiàn)到賢人為愚人所酷使,鬼神也為之哭泣。)
The old gentleman is hospitality itself.(那老人客氣極了。)
(5)用于避免發(fā)生誤會(huì)時(shí):
She asked for a ticket for herself.(她為她自己買(mǎi)了一張票。)如用for her 則可能是指別人。
(6)在比較時(shí),用有than,like,so,as時(shí):
She is much taller than myself.(她比我高得多。)
The photo is not in the least like myself.(那照片一點(diǎn)也不象我。)
They are quite as well educated as myself.(他們和我一樣受過(guò)高深的教育。)
比較:(a)He himself did it.
(b)He did it himself.
(a)近乎文言,(b)為口語(yǔ);(a)有點(diǎn)裝腔作勢(shì),(b)有點(diǎn)回想(afterthought)意味,這是根據(jù)Jespersen說(shuō)的。