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西部大開(kāi)發(fā)怎樣翻譯

放大字體  縮小字體 發(fā)布日期:2006-10-11  作者:丁衡祁 陳小全

國(guó)內(nèi)媒體對(duì)“西部大開(kāi)發(fā)”的翻譯有許多種,如 China's Western Campaign;China's Western Development Program;the……

國(guó)內(nèi)媒體對(duì)“西部大開(kāi)發(fā)”的翻譯有許多種,如 China's Western Campaign;China's Western Development Program;the Development of China's Western Region(s);West China Development Drive 等不一而足。在 China's Western Campaign 中,“Campaign”的意思不夠清楚,前面應(yīng)該加上修飾詞 development,就像 election campaign 或 advertising campaign 那樣。后幾種譯法雖然意思清楚,但準(zhǔn)確度不夠,沒(méi)有把“大”字的力度表現(xiàn)出來(lái),當(dāng)然第一種譯法也同樣沒(méi)有把“大”的力度表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。筆者認(rèn)為“開(kāi)發(fā)” 的意思這里用 development drive比較可取,它同 modernization drive 的說(shuō)法相似。

國(guó)內(nèi)媒體也有把“西部大開(kāi)發(fā)”翻譯成 western expansion 的,如 the Central government pushes on with western expansion 或 China's "Great Western Expansion" campaign。西方記者也采用過(guò)這種說(shuō)法,有一篇文章的題目就是:On China's Western Expansion。國(guó)外還有人把“西部大開(kāi)發(fā)”翻譯成 go west 的,如 China's "go-west" enterprise。

由于歷史的原因,western expansion 等說(shuō)法總會(huì)使人聯(lián)想到美國(guó)十九世紀(jì)的西部開(kāi)發(fā)。當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)為了鼓勵(lì)更多的人向西部遷移,制定了靈活多樣的土地開(kāi)發(fā)優(yōu)惠政策,極大地推動(dòng)了西部開(kāi)發(fā)的進(jìn)程。在美國(guó)的西部開(kāi)發(fā)中,政府陸續(xù)出臺(tái)了許多相關(guān)法規(guī),用于規(guī)范和引導(dǎo)開(kāi)發(fā)行為。土地廣袤、人口稀少是美國(guó)西部的特征,為吸引人們前來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā),1862年,林肯總統(tǒng)頒布著名的《宅地法》,鼓勵(lì)向西部移民。該法還規(guī)定,只要在該土地上定居和開(kāi)墾一定年限,土地就可永遠(yuǎn)歸其所有。該法律一出,吸引大批人移民西部,當(dāng)然美國(guó)的西部開(kāi)發(fā)還包括許多其他方面的措施,這里不再贅述。筆者想說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題是,美國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)歷史變遷在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中得到了充分體現(xiàn),因此我們能夠找到許多相關(guān)的表達(dá)法,請(qǐng)看下面的一些說(shuō)法:
American western expansion
American westward expansion
American westward movement
American western expedition
American "go-west" enterprise
Comparisons are made by experts to the 19th -century American westward expansion.

而今天我們所談的中國(guó)“西部大開(kāi)發(fā)”與美國(guó)的情況截然不同,我們的“西部大開(kāi)發(fā)”是在中央的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下和東部的支援下,由西部人民在原來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上,自主加大開(kāi)發(fā)力度,以使我國(guó)的西部地區(qū)得到得更快、更深、更廣的發(fā)展。因此,為了表達(dá)我國(guó)“西部大開(kāi)發(fā)”的感念,我們不可以直接沿用美國(guó)人的說(shuō)法 western expansion,那樣極有可能導(dǎo)致概念上的混亂。另一方面,使用 expansion 這個(gè)詞時(shí)必須加倍小心。這是因?yàn)橐环矫嬖撛~具有增長(zhǎng)、擴(kuò)大等正面的意思,例如:China, EU seek trade expansion in 2004;Bilateral trade will increase (after the EU expansion);Visiting US Secretary of Commerce Urges Trade Expansion;另一方面該詞也有擴(kuò)張、侵略等反面的意思,例如:The Bush administration's military expansion has connections to its economic expansion.

綜上所述筆者認(rèn)為,“西部大開(kāi)發(fā)”的英譯不應(yīng)使用 expansion 一詞。那么“go-west”的用法是否可以呢?該詞在不同的場(chǎng)合有不同的意思。在前面提到的American "Go-West" Enterprise 這個(gè)短語(yǔ)中,它的意思是向西部轉(zhuǎn)移。在 Go west for Thanksgiving 這則廣告中,它的意思又變成了到西部去(到西澳大利亞去過(guò)感恩節(jié));而在 Will the Middle East go west? 這個(gè)句子中,它又有另外一個(gè)意思:向西方靠攏。

既然用 western expansion 或者“go-west”來(lái)表達(dá)“西部大開(kāi)發(fā)”都是不合適的。那么,“西部大開(kāi)發(fā)”應(yīng)該怎樣翻譯成英語(yǔ)才是正確的呢?首先請(qǐng)看下面的兩段文字:

1. A Development Drive: VIZIANAGARAM, the 23rd district of Andhra Pradesh formed nearly 25 years ago, was for long considered a backward district. But it has now switched to the fast track of development, registering progress on all fronts, thanks to the initiation of several schemes to modernize agriculture, animal husbandry and minor irrigation.

2. Development Drive:The government of Sharjah is aiming for a diverse economy. Sharjah, the third largest emirate in the UAE may not have such a prominent profile as its neighbor, Dubai, but it is just as dynamic and diverse. Its commitment to economic development, free trade and attracting foreign investment is resolute and this can be seen through the development of its free zones during the past decade.

從上面的兩段文字中我們可以看出,英語(yǔ)中在表達(dá)“大開(kāi)發(fā)”的概念時(shí),drive 一詞比較合適,我們可以在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步完善“大開(kāi)發(fā)”的英譯。筆者認(rèn)為我國(guó)“西部大開(kāi)發(fā)”可以有以下幾種翻譯:
The western development drive
The grand western development program
The development campaign of the western regions
The full-scale development program for the western regions
The program for a concerted development of the western regions
或者還可以說(shuō):
give a huge push to develop / transform the western regions
switch onto the fast track of development

更多翻譯詳細(xì)信息請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊:http://www.trans1.cn
 
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